Through postcards, pictures, short movies, newspaper reports, and lithographic prints, the world could both mourn the losses in Tokyo and also explore the spectacle of the devastation. The first shock hit at 11:58 a.m., emanating from a seismic fault six miles beneath the floor of Sagami Bay, 30 miles south of Tokyo. As this map of the fire shows, strong and varied winds sent fires throughout the city and, because the fire came while many were preparing lunch, dozens of individual fires began together. The magnitude of its destruction was almost beyond imagining. Image #61 - Rice rationing on grounds of Honganji temple. Image #41 - Symbolic 12-story building (Jyunikai) in Asakusa Park theatre district. W. H. Freeman and Co.,1958, pp. Images of the ruins in Honjo, for instance, brought tourists from all over Japan to witness where 38,000 refugees had died after they were trapped in the lot of an old army clothing depot, which they had thought safe. On September 1, 1923, just before noon, an earthquake of magnitude 8.3 The population of metropolitan Tokyo virtually doubled from 1.12 million in 1900 to 2.17 million by 1920. Image #55 - Asakusa-Kanzeon statue miraculously left standing amidst ruins. Image #82 - Tokyo convention center. Just moments after the initial shock, the wind significantly picked up as a typhoon passed off the coast of the Noto Peninsula in Northern Japan. Image #27 - View of Shiodome Station and Government Center Post Office. numbering 2 million, made it one of the most devastating quakes ever to hit As this rebuilding commenced and especially once it was completed, the city proudly advertised the successful recreation of itself not just to the Japanese people but to the world. firefighters could not keep up. About 200 years earlier, in 1703, a magnitude 8.2 earthquake … The Shinano - Echigo earthquake of May 8, 1844, caused the death of about 12,000 people. To view more photos, check out Photographs by August Kengelbacher, from Schauwecher's Guide to Japan. So too did many of the social problems associated with urbanization and industrialization increase significantly. Image #77 - View above Nihonbashi district, looking toward Kanda district. The region affected by the earthquake is both geographically extensive and economically dynamic. Press, 1924, pp. Image #80 - Ground ruptured in Tsukiji area. E-mail: otani@sake.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp SUMMARY Development of Japanese earthquake-resistant building-design technology is reviewed. Image #68 - Area surrounding Matsuzakaya department store. The death toll was 142,807 with another 43,476 missing. In fourteen lithographs, this volume both documents the experience of the chaos and also constructs a shared mythology of the fire. Image #75 - Looking toward Kandasudamachi and Nikorai buildings. "I enclose also a photo of the ruins of the Grand Hotel at Yokohama where I stopped last … Fires Image #71 - Disaster in Ginza district. The first big shock of 7.9 on the richter scale struck Tokyo at 11:58 a.m., precisely seventy years after the earthquake of 1923. Image #14 - Kyobashi district, before / after earthquake and fire. Destruction ranged from far up into the Hakone mountains, Following the 1923 Tokyo earthquake, the number of individuals joining chounaikai, or neighborhood associations, skyrocketed across the city, and religious and philosophical organizations set up new clinics and hospitals as the rubble was cleared away. Another segment at the eastern end of the fault break has ruptured on November 12 producing the MW=7.2 Duzce earthquake. Image #53 - Destruction of government printing office and Tokyo Station. The Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 … Image #51 - A once-prosperous Asakusa Park, now gone. Start reading The 1923 Great Kantō Earthquake on your Kindle in under a minute . Ethnically-charged civil unrest after the disaster (i.e. The Tokyo 1923 earthquake also had extensive associated fire damage. Best Sellers Rank: #2,069,933 in Books ( See Top 100 in Books ) #3,508 in Japanese History (Books) Customer Reviews: 4.0 out of 5 stars. Image #13 - Asakusa Park, #6 district, before / after earthquake and fire. Image #19 - Ueno Railroad station after fire. Image #37 - Refugees escaping fires. Image #8 - Nihonbashi district, before / after earthquake and fire. Image #81 - Asakusanakamise area before / after earthquake and fire. The damage caused directly by the earthquake itself, by the violent shaking of the ground, tended to be most pronounced in places where the soil was not underlay with substantial bedrock. Buildings collapsed, crushing their occupants, and a tsunami assaulted miles of coastline, depositing boats well inland and dragging people, structures, and debris out to sea. Dimensions : 6 x 0.13 x 9 inches. Image #58 - Near Manseibashi railroad station. unavailable to fight the fires. Earthquake Res Inst, Univ Tokyo, pp 57–66. 15 ratings. Tokyo and Yokohama, Japan, Earthquake September 1, 1923. and Yokohama, Japan. Behind the Accounts of the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 By Mai Denawa Background. Image #76 - Area surrounding Nihonbashi (bridge). Relief Information Bureau, (東京帝国大学羅災者情報局調查), “Map of the fire of Tokyo (帝都大震火災系統地図)” (1923), Endō Ichitsugu, “Town planning in Japan…” (1924), Sankaku & Company, “Tokyo” (1929); Gift of American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Nov. 8, 1958, “Moka ni kakomarete fushigi ni yaki-nokoritaru Asakusa Kannon” (Asakusa Kannon, which miraculously survived the flames, even though surrounded by raging fire) (1923); Original from British Museum, 2011.3024.3. Image #28 - Ueno Rail station destruction. Image #54 - Ueno-Hirokoji St. in Ueno Park. The epicenter was placed in Sagami Bay, just southwestof Tokyo Bay. Image #34 - Destruction of Kamakura Hachiman-gu, (700 year old shrine). Every year on the same date, drills and other activities are … Before 1923, the gravest Japanese earthquake was the February 10, 1792 Hizen earthquake, which coincided with the eruption of Unzendake. Item title reads - 250,000 people killed in earthquake that destroyed Tokyo and Yokohama. Image #79 - Fire surrounds (Jyunikai) 12-story building in Asakusa District. The quake's magnitude is estimated at 7.9 to 8.2 on the Richter scale, and its epicenter was in the shallow waters of Sagami Bay, about 25 miles south of Tokyo. Image #70 - (Japan's "Army Corps of Engineers") begins restoration. Especially remarkable in this respect has been the relaying of the streets, involving a complete revision of city lots. This English-language volume by the Tokyo Municipal Office, for instance, emphasizes that the city has added 3,630,000 square meters of streets to make wider and safer travelways, that the city now has 3 large parks and 51 smaller parks, and that the city moved 203,000 houses to make readjustment possible. the Kantō Massacre) has been documented. In: Yeh H, Liu P, Synolakis C (eds) Long-wave run-up models. Image #3 - Refugees crowding Nippori train station platform. About 140,000 people died. The Great Kanto Earthquake, sometimes called the Great Tokyo Earthquake, rocked Japan on September 1, 1923. Tokyo Electric Co. burns in distance. Hundreds of thousands were left homeless in the resulting fires. The center has a permanent exhibition to the 1923 Tokyo earthquake. By the time the fire ended seventy-two hours later, almost fifty percent of the city was burnt, totaling thirty and a half square miles and 370,000 houses. The densely populated and poorer eastern parts of Tokyo suffered the most. On the first day of September 1923, Tokyo was hit with a powerful 7.8 strength earthquake. Images and narratives of the fire in Tokyo spread quickly throughout the world. Image #62 - Aerial view of Ginza district. (1930); E. G. Stillman Japanese Collection; Courtesy, Widener Library, A Exhibition in Pusey Library from 14 Dec 2016 to 19 April 2017. Image #17 - Scene of refugee camps in the Marunoushi area. of Tokyo Bay. Image #50 - Famous Teigeki theatre burns in fires. Tokyo and surrounding areas suffered heavily both in human and material terms. Image #6 - Shimbashi Railroad Station, before / after earthquake and fire. Store. Some 54% of the brick buildings and … Hatori T, Aida I, Kajiura K (1973) Tsunamis in the south Kanto district (In Japanese). Especially when you consider that the Tokyo area experiences a large earthquake every 60-80 years on average. Image #57 - View of Nakamise area in Asakusa district. The America An earthquake of magnitude 7.8 with its epicenter close to the city destroyed most of Tokyo and burned down what was left. Image #86 - Ochanomizu before / after earthquake and fire. The government passed the City Planning Act in 1924 that allowed the city to claim up to ten percent of anyone’s land without compensation for the readjustment of city plots. Although both were devastated, the city of Yokohama was hit even worse than Tokyo. In the San Francisco quake of 1906, the resulting fire did arguably as much damage as the quake itself. Here, for instance, the artist depicts the bodhisattva Kannon saving the temple in Asakusa from destruction while letting the Nakamise shopping area burn nearby. Image #43 - Scene from Ginza Street. Image #23 - Shiba district, viewed from top of Atago Mtn.. The event that transformed Tokyo from a bustling metropolis and impe rial capital to a seemingly extinct city, as Uno described it, was the Great Kanto Earthquake of September 1. Image #69 - Sapporo Brewery headquarters. Almost two million people visited Tokyo within two weeks to see the city for themselves. Varied accounts indicate the duration of the earthquake was between four and ten minutes. The Great Kanto Earthquake, also sometimes called the Great Tokyo Earthquake, rocked Japan on Sept. 1, 1923. Tokyo and Yokohama and the surrounding areas, with combined populations and toppling contents of the traditional wood and paper Japanese houses. Japan. The reconstruction of Tokyo following the Great Kantō Earthquake was a monumental undertaking. Deaths were estimated at nearly 100,000, with an additional 40,000 missing. Image #36 - Mitsukoshi Bank in Tokyo. Image #40 - Eitaibashi (bridge) destroyed by fire. Image #18 - Mitsukoshi Department Store (largest department store in Japan). Image #83 - Yurakucho area, before / after earthquake and fire. In 1923, Tokyo was a city on the rise, slowly taking its place among the great global capitals of its time. Tokyo, Capital of Japan; Reconstruction Work. The Great Kantō earthquake (関東大地震, Kantō dai-jishin) struck the Kantō Plain on the main Japanese island of Honshū at 11:58:44 JST (02:58:44 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923. Image #1 - Fire near Yamashita bridge in Kyobashi district. Destruction ranged from far up into the Hakone mountains, home to popular tourist resorts, to the busy shipping lanes of Yokohama Bay,north to the city of Tokyo. Image #42 - View from Nihonbashi district, near Mitsukoshi Dept. north to the city of Tokyo. Image #44 - Destruction of iron bridge on river in Tokyo. On September 1, 1923, at 11:58 a.m., the earthquake of magnitude 7.9 vi- olently shook the Kanto region encompassing Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, and other prefectures in the vicinity. The Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 shocked the nation. Image #22 - Destruction of railroad in the Hakone tourist resort and spa area. Between 1900 and 1923, the population of Tokyo continued to expand rapidly. Image #56 - Ueno Park, viewed from Kanda Railroad Station . Significant developments occurred in determination of equivalent lateral forces after the 1923 Kanto Earthquake, but work on the ductile-design method for members did not begin until after the 1968 Tokachi-oki Earthquake. This earthquake destroyed Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka. Tokyo, 1923 The first wave of an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 hit Tokyo at 11:58am on 1 September 1923. Within one week, the magnitude 7.9 earthquake, fires, and aftershocks destroyed over 45 per cent of structures in Tokyo and over 90 per cent of structures in Yokohama. Dahlmann, Joseph, S.J., Ph.D.The Great Tokyo Earthquake September 1, Image #15 - Brothel district Yoshiwara quarter, before / after earthquake. More than 100,000 people died when the Great Kantō Earthquake struck the Tokyo metropolitan area on September 1, 1923. Image #72 - View of "alley" behind Ginza Street. The volume concludes triumphantly: “The reconstruction of Tokyo has not meant merely restoring [the city’s districts] to their former condition, but has meant creating them anew as modern cities. Image #21 - Destruction of Kandabashi (bridge). Government buildings, homes, shops, roads, parks, and bridges that existed on nearly 33 million square meters of land had been destroyed. Image #48 - Rail station near bridge in Tokyo. The massive earthquake struck the Japanese capital region, including the cities of Tokyo and Yokohama, shortly before noon on Saturday, September 1, 1923, causing immense physical destruction. Japan Honshu Tokyo: Great Kanto Earthquake 1923 People on the street and houses burning after the quake - Vintage property of ullstein bild The burned area of Toyooka, Japan, following the earthquake. 1923. One of the most striking depictions of the fire was the Pictorial Account of the Great Earthquake in the Imperial City (Teito daishinsai gaho) published on 30 September 1923, just short of a month after the disaster. the quake, 1923, is referred to as Year 12 of the Taisho Era, the 12th factory helped fuel the flames at such a pace that the normally well-prepared Reconstruction and Readjustment. Image #65 - Scene of 300 casualties in Naigai building. Tokyo Earthquake – Japan – September 1, 1923. Image #25 - Downtown area, street cars, autos, burned. Image #84 - Ueno railroad station before / after earthquake and fire. The meager possessions they had fled Wooden buildings easily caught fire; narrow alleys allowed the fire to spread; and the lack of parks meant the fire could move in all directions. The quake struck at 11:58 a.m. on September 1, 1923. Image #38 - Area surrounding Tobashi bridge. 130. On September 1, 74,000 people died in seven seconds. Image #2 - Fire approaches Police Department headquarters. On September 1, 1923, just before noon, an earthquake of magnitude 8.3 occurred near the densely populated, modern industrial cities of Tokyoand Yokohama, Japan. Image #46 - Matsuzakaya department store. Imamura F (1995) Review of tsunami simulation with a finite difference method. 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